What didn't work?Failure is evidence too
Setbacks, abandoned approaches and unexpected consequences, documented in the sources behind our stories. Useful for anyone trying something similar.
Nairobi, KenyaMatee told UNEP the first full batch took years of work, and that she gave up her social life and savings for a year. Neighbours complained about smells from her early experiments, and in 2023 she said demand exceeded her production capacity (Unbias the News).
Versova, Mumbai, IndiaVolunteers were heckled and intimidated on the beach, and municipal trucks did not always remove the rubbish they collected. Shah briefly suspended the clean-up after about two years; it resumed after the Maharashtra Chief Minister asked him to continue and directed the civic administration to clear the beach (Al Jazeera). His co-founder Harbansh Mathur died in 2016.
Kamikatsu, Tokushima, JapanThe 2020 zero-waste goal was missed. Washing and drying packaging is seen as a burden by many residents, newcomers struggle with the system, and population decline is an added challenge (Nippon.com; WHYY).
Masitala village, near Kasungu, MalawiHe had to leave school because of the famine, and neighbours initially laughed at his project (Wall Street Journal). He has said he faced many challenges when he started.
Kampala, UgandaShe began her climate strikes alone, and in 2019 she was unable to attend the UN Youth Climate Summit because her visa did not arrive in time (UN-Habitat). Her one-million-tree goal was described in 2021 as still a long way off (Africanews).
Bogotá, ColombiaShe faced threats and false accusations, was jailed for eight days before being acquitted, and was refused state protection. Thousands of recyclers elsewhere in Colombia were still outside payment schemes, according to WIEGO.
Lagos, NigeriaThe first kiosk model failed because residents found it inconvenient, and an early bicycle-and-wagon design was too hard to pedal (MIT News). Adebiyi-Abiola told Al Jazeera she faced sexist comments as a woman running a waste business.
Lima, PeruThe water is not yet safe to drink without treatment. Output depends heavily on fog density and season. Journalists have noted that the scale is far too small to meet Lima's water needs, which still require public investment.
Chalan Beel, Natore district, BangladeshDown To Earth reported that raising money for the first boat took four years and that local boat builders could not follow Rezwan's drawings, so he worked with them directly.
Port Vila, VanuatuThe campaign started with no funding or standing. The opinion is advisory rather than binding, and campaigners say turning it into action now depends on governments (PINA, 2026).
Hopelchén, Campeche, MexicoShe faced discrimination and threats. Latin America Bureau reported that illegal GM soy planting and fumigation continued after the ruling, and that disputes over land use with large-scale agriculture persist.
Maradi, NigerEarly on, farmers saw trees as competing with crops, and protecting regrowth depended on community rules being followed (Farm Radio International). Earlier tree-planting efforts in the region had largely failed.
Todmorden, West Yorkshire, United KingdomThe idea of taking food from public beds was slow to be accepted, taking around two years to catch on according to Paull. The group says some early ideas did not thrive, and it runs without paid staff or core funding.
Leh, Ladakh, IndiaThe Heidelberg study found storage varies from year to year with weather, that floods, landslides and avalanches reduce effectiveness, and that the reservoirs are not always well integrated into local social arrangements; it described the term 'artificial glacier' as misleading. ETV Bharat reported that seepage into the ground can account for a large share of losses during construction.
Amsterdam, NetherlandsManufacturers initially distanced themselves, saying amateur repair was dangerous. Postma notes that the EU directive covers only a limited range of products, and that parts and repair information remain hard to obtain.
Kokilamukh, Jorhat (Brahmaputra river islands, Assam), IndiaAl Jazeera reported that elephants from the forest damaged crops in nearby villages and some villagers threatened to destroy it; Payeng responded by planting more banana trees. In late 2025 a fire attributed by officials to arson destroyed thousands of saplings in a newer planted section.
N'jau, Central River Region, The GambiaOnly five women answered the first call, and others ridiculed the effort as a waste of time (ISEP). Ceesay told Worldcrunch that many people expected her to fail and that some men opposed their wives taking part. ISEP also noted that middlemen setting prices limited what women earned.
Bali, IndonesiaThe original 2018 deadline promised by the governor was not met, and the sisters had to keep pressing officials at several levels. The eventual regulation faced a legal challenge from a recyclers' association before being upheld.
Waorani territory, Pastaza province (coordinates: Puyo, provincial capital), EcuadorThe government argued it had consulted properly and appealed the first ruling. Pressure for oil development in Ecuador continues.
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